{"id":213,"date":"2021-10-22T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T00:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/?p=213"},"modified":"2021-11-08T08:55:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T08:55:17","slug":"doom-of-thirty-years-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/2021\/10\/22\/doom-of-thirty-years-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Doom of Thirty Years War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I have found inspiration for this post in the newest book of Jaroslav \u010cechura who recently published the monograph titled Neklidn\u00e9 stolet\u00ed: T\u0159ebo\u0148sko v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bku (1590\u20131710)<\/em>, in translation Turbulent Century: T\u0159ebo\u0148 Region in the Changes of the War Age (1590\u20131710). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The monograph focuses on the period covering more than a hundred years which include also the inauspicious event of that time, the Thirty Years War. The author describes the turbulent events from the perspective of everyday life of farmers and peasants using various and varied sources surviving the SOA T\u0159ebo\u0148. On the fates of specific actors, \u010cechura builds general patterns of behaviour of the then subjects and also of the administration of the estate. I can not recommend this book enough. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

On pp.65\u201367<\/strong> \u010cechura describes the damaging impact which the events of Thirty Years War had on the villages of T\u0159ebo\u0148 estate using the records from land books for villages Brann\u00e1, Hrachovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0160ev\u011bt\u00edn, and Vit\u00edn belonging to the T\u0159ebo\u0148 estate. I took the time to look up all the records for Brann\u00e1 referred to in the book to convey the impression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To help you practise working with the Czech text, in addition to the translation, I also provide the transcription of the original language and a „translation“ into contemporary Czech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adam\u016fv grunt (Adam\u2019s farm)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The last recorded annual payment made by Pavel, the possessor of the farm, was from Christmas 1617. Then follows this record from 1628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Czech 1<\/strong>: Mage swrchu psany Pawel za tento grunth doplaczetj gesste 51 \u00df | umr\u017eel bez kssaftu, zanechal Po sob\u011b Kater\u017einy man\u017eelky a Anny | czery, kdera\u017eto Kater\u017eina dostawssi se za Mykulasse Kotila | do C\u017eapu, takowey Grunth se wssim k niemu Pr\u017eislussenstwim pusteg | a prazdney spalenisstiem trhem prodal Mikul\u00e1ss Kotil [\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czech 2<\/strong>: Maje svrchu psan\u00fd Pavel za tento grunt dopl\u00e1ceti je\u0161t\u011b 51 \u00df | um\u0159el bez k\u0161aftu, zanechal po sob\u011b Kate\u0159iny man\u017eelky a Anny | dcery, kter\u00e1\u017eto Kate\u0159ina dostav\u0161i se za Mikul\u00e1\u0161e Kotila | do Cepu, takovej grunt se v\u0161\u00edm k n\u011bmu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00edm pustej | a pr\u00e1zdnej [s] sp\u00e1leni\u0161t\u011bm trhem prodal Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Kotil[\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

English<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having yet the above written Pavel to pay 51 \u00df he died without a will and left behind him Katherine his wife and Anna his daughter. Kate\u0159ina getting [married] to Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Kotil in Cep, Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Kotil sold through purchase this grunt with all [belonging] accessories, desolate and empty, with a burnt ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Frantesl\u016fv Grunt (Frantesl\u2019s farm)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

There is a gap in the records of annual payments for this farm as in the previous record. The last one recorded comes from 1617 when Filip Sv\u00edzelka, then the possessor of this farm, laid down 4 \u00df. The next paragraph explains what happened in the following years: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Czech 1: <\/strong>Grundt tento Pr\u017eissedssy B\u011bhem wogenskym k stenczenj a Stawenj | k spalenj zustawaje tak mnoho let pustey, k pozustaley wdow\u011b | Dorot\u011b Pr\u017eizeniwssy se te\u017e Filyp w letta 1634 Gest mu skrze Rych- | tar\u017ee Czepskyho, kojakowskeho, a konsselma posssaczowan za Summu | 33 \u00df [\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czech 2:<\/strong> Grunt tento p\u0159i\u0161ed\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem vojensk\u00fdm k zten\u010den\u00ed a staven\u00ed <\/strong>| k sp\u00e1len\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaje tak mnoho let pustej, k poz\u016fstalej vdov\u011b | Dorot\u011b p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed se t\u00e9\u017e Filip v l\u00e9ta 1634. Jest mu skrze rych- | t\u00e1\u0159e cepsk\u00fdho, kojakovsk\u00e9ho a kon\u0161elama po\u0161acov\u00e1n za sumu | 33 \u00df [\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

English<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This farm, which came to thinning and the buildings were burned down, remained desolate for many years. The [Filip\u2019s] surviving widow married also Filip in the year 1634 the farm is appraised for him by the rycht\u00e1\u0159i (pl.) from Cep, Koj\u00e1kovice and kon\u0161el\u00e9 (pl.) for the sum of 33 \u00df <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

T\u011bt\u00edk\u016fv grunt (T\u011bt\u00edk\u2019s farm)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In 1605 Bla\u017eek T\u011bt\u00edk paid his last instalment for his farm and thus finally paid all the claims tied to the farm. However, the recorded history of the farm continues only in 1636 when the farm was as deserted appraised and given to a new farmer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Czech 1:<\/strong> Tento grundt Pr\u017eissedssy B\u011bhem wogenskym k stenc\u017eenj a stawenj k spa- | lenj zusatwage Mnoho Leh tak pustey, Letha 1636 s jystym w\u011bdomym | Pana hegtmana Gest skrzy Rychtar\u017ee a konssely kojakowsky a Czepskey | possaczowan za Summu 35 \u00df, w kderem\u017eto ssaczunku ugal geg Mar-| tin SSelku z Kramolyna, [\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czech 2:<\/strong> Tento grunt p\u0159i\u0161ed\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem vojensk\u00fdm k sten\u010den\u00ed a staven\u00ed k sp\u00e1-| len\u00ed, z\u016fstavaje moho let tak pustej, l\u00e9ta 1636 s jist\u00fdm v\u011bdom\u00edm | pana hejtmana jest skrze rycht\u00e1\u0159e a kon\u0161ely kojakovsk\u00e9 a cepsk\u00fd | po\u0161acov\u00e1n za sumu 35 \u00df, v kter\u00e9m\u017eto \u0161acunku ujal jej Mar- | tin \u0160elk\u016f z Kramol\u00edna , [\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

English:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This farm, which came to thinning and the buildings were burned down, remained desolate for many years. In the year 1636 with a certain knowledge of Lord Hejtman, it is appraised by rycht\u00e1\u0159i <\/em>and kon\u0161el\u00e9 <\/em>[pl.] of Koj\u00e1kovice and Cep for sum 35 \u00df, for which appraisal Martin \u0160elk\u016f z Kramol\u00edna took it over [\u2026]  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Statek dvo\u0159\u00e1kovsk\u00fd (Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\u2019s farm)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Czech 1: <\/strong>W tu Nesstiastnau Rebelligi Pr\u017eissedssy ten dwur k spalenj a w- | \u0161\u0161iczknj ginj napadniczy na panstswi tomto skrze skazu gruntuw a we- | snicz nemalau \u0161kodu vezmaucze, Gest z poruc\u017enj Urozeneho a Statec\u017e- | neho Rytir\u017ei Pana Jan z Skherstowstu, spalenisst\u011b possaczowano za 100 \u00df | kterau\u017eto Summu pengz z duchoduw J. M. Kra. n\u00ed\u017ee psanj bratj | magi toti\u017eto<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czech 2:<\/strong> V tu ne\u0161\u0165astnou rebelii p\u0159i\u0161ed\u0161\u00ed ten dv\u016fr ke sp\u00e1len\u00ed a v- | \u0161ichni jin\u00ed n\u00e1padn\u00edci na panstv\u00ed tomto skrze zk\u00e1zu grunt\u016fv a ve- | snic nemalou \u0161kodu vezmouce, jest z poru\u010den\u00ed urozen\u00e9ho a state\u010d- | n\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e pana Jan z Skehstorou, sp\u00e1leni\u0161t\u011b po\u0161sacov\u00e1no za 100 \u00df, | kterou\u017eto sumu pen\u011bz z d\u016fchodu J. M. Kr\u00e1. n\u00ed\u017ee psan\u00ed brat\u0159i br\u00e1ti | maj\u00ed, toti\u017eto<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In that unfortunate rebellion the farm came to be burned, and all the other claimants on this estate, through the destruction of farms and villages, took no small loss. [Therefore] by the command of a noble and valiant knight lord Jan z Skehstoru is the burned pace appraised for 100 \u00df, which sum of money the brothers below written are to take from the property of His Royal Grace, as follows<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

All four records are monotonous in their wording. In the first two records, there was a widow after the last recorded possessor of the farm who remarried and their new husbands either sold the farm or started to use it. Also, the third farm found its new possessor, yet in this case, there was not direct link to the previous farmer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The entry for the fourth grunt is atypical.\u00a0 It comes from 1642 and it was not made on the occasion of the farm transfer to a new farmer. On the contrary, the farm continued to be abandoned. The steward of the estate at the time decided, as a special favour to heirs who were entitled to payments of their inheritance shares from the estate\u2019s treasury, that part of their claims would be paid out of the royal assets (because the whole estate forfeited to the king and the crown was in charge of the T\u0159ebo\u0148 estate at that time).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The picture of the village is grim. Burn out places and waste land. In total, we could count four farms described as destroyed, devastated, and spoiled in Brann\u00e1, a village with four recorded farms. The numerous military campaigns and marches, no matter to what warring party the soldiers belonged, brought disaster to the village. Their official, as well as unsanctioned requirements of the soldiers for accommodation and food, contributed to the destruction of this village. All this is not an extreme or solitary example of the recorded destruction for one unfortunate village.  Such records are no exception and we would find many examples<\/a> in this book and in other land books. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A caveat. Reality may not have been as bleak as our imagination portrays it. As the author reminds us (p. 105), the adjective „pust\u00fd“ (desolate) in the pre-1620 sources of T\u0159ebo\u0148 provenance admits a wider possible interpretation of the term. It is highly probable that the term „pust\u00fd“ meant primarily the equivalent of the contemporary term „barren“, overgrown with grass, uncultivated. But the word \u201cpust\u00fd\u201d could also mean empty, abandoned. The dual interpretation is based on the frequency of the word in the sources and the relevant context. Yet, when the reference is to a burnt place, the meaning is unambiguous. We must also admit that some unused fields were temporarily farmed by someone else who actually sowed and harvested fields and who was not a possessor of this farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What I like in this case is the greater picture which can be extracted from land books. In fact, it is something which we may miss easily. As genealogists or family historians, we are, of course, concentrating on a farm or a family which are important and interesting for us. Yet, we may thus lose the picture of the \u201cbig history\u201d which we have right in front of our eyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cECHURA, Jaroslav. Neklidn\u00e9 stolet\u00ed: T\u0159ebo\u0148sko v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bku (1590\u20131710). 1st edition. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelstv\u00ed Karolinum, 2021. 413 pp. ISBN 978-80-246-4730-2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I have found inspiration for this post in the newest book of Jaroslav \u010cechura who recently published the monograph titled Neklidn\u00e9 stolet\u00ed: T\u0159ebo\u0148sko v prom\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bku (1590\u20131710), in translation Turbulent Century: T\u0159ebo\u0148 Region in the Changes of the War Age (1590\u20131710).  The monograph focuses on the period covering moreContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[10,15,22,11,23],"class_list":["entry","author-czechlandb","has-more-link","post-213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-transcribed-records","tag-17th-century","tag-record-in-czech","tag-thirty-years-war","tag-transcription","tag-trebon-estate"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}