Speaking of peasant rebellions, these were not William-Wallace-style uprisings. The most frequent form of resistance of the subjects were petitions, which they sent to their vrchnosti <\/em>and especially to the ruler, the Emperor and King Leopold I, who was in Bohemia at that time, having fled from Vienna from the spreading plague. The flood of complaints addressed to the sovereign was even so great that in March 1680 he issued a ban on petitions addressed and delivered to the emperor. These were to be sent to the regional authorities, who were to carefully investigate and decide the complaints. The subjects also did not hesitate to resort to passive resistance. They refused to work for the authorities, to pay the compulsory levies or taxes. Only exceptionally, in about two or three cases, was there an armed clash with the military. In all cases, the subjects left the field in defeat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The uprisings on the individual estates did not last long. Official commissions accompanied by military units investigated the validity of the complaints and very often found them to be unjustified. The subjects suffered from the accommodation of the troops in their homes and very quickly returned to normal order and the performance of their duties. The commissions thus sought out and investigated the culprits of the rebellions. Many of them were punished with fines, imprisonments, corporal punishments or even the death penalty. By the end of 1680, the kingdom was quiet again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A trace of the uprising of 1680 can also be found in this record from Vern\u00e9\u0159ov estate<\/a>. In a record about the purchase of a farm of Tobias Fiedler to Georg Resche we read the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n To help you practise working with the Czech or German text, in addition to the translation, I also provide the transcription of the original language and a „translation“ into contemporary Czech. The end of lines of the original record are indicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n German: <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n [folio 167] <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Georg Re\u00dfche Kauff<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Heundt dato am Tag Sancti Vity den 15. Juny Anno 1680 | Ist auf g\u2113. befehl g\u2113. obrigkeit, als der wohledlge- | bohrene frauen frauen Magdalena Ellisabetha Jullia- | na D. Eckhin, gebohren Proyin von Zeyfelsberg und | hinckelstein, frauen auf Wernsdorf, Laucha, unnd | Bashwitz, landt\u00e4fliche Constituirte vor munderin | der Scheindegr\u00e4bnerischern Erben, den Georg Reschen | des Tobias Fiedlers hoff, sambt einer hueben feldt | \/: aus ursache weillen Er Tobias Fiedler, wider Ihro | Kay\u2113. und K\u00f6ng\u2113. May\u2113. dero ergangene allergn\u00e4- | digste Patenta, undt gn\u00e4dige grundeobrigkeit sich der | absheulichen Rebellion thailhaffig gemacht, und sogar | auch nit allein der Erste R\u00e4dl f\u00fchrer und auf wakhler | de\u00df dorffs Wenstdorf, dessen zugeh\u00f6rige und | andere herrschafts benachbarte dorfschaften beson- | dera auch Solicitator in Prag gewe\u00dfen, auch mit der | g\u2113.\u00a0 obrigkeit gehaltene 12 Raumstein, der von Er | ohne bewust einigen Menschen 9 ausgehabt und | in g\u2113. obrigkeit feldt geworfen, wo durch ein nit al- | lein sein haab und Guth, sondern Leib und Leben | verlohren hatte :\/ In beysein Joseph Patzelt Richter | allhier, Han\u00df Sauer, Richter zu Sch\u00f6nbach, Christoph | Reichman Richer Laucha, Georg Khro, Richter zu<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n [folio 167pv]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tomitshan, nebst andern geshworene mehr, verkaufet | worden, nemb\u2113. wie e\u00df der Tobia\u00df Fidler genutzet | hat \/: bi\u00df auf ein st\u00fcckhl felds, von vier strichen au\u00df- | saath, so an g\u2113. obrigkeit felde anstossent aber halb | de\u00dfwegs :\/ sambt allen zugeh\u00f6rigen wi\u00dfmathen, | und obst g\u00e4rthen, gestrirf(?), unde ein soyl holtz, sambt | aller \u00fcbrigen gerechtigkeiten, wie solches in R\u00e4inen | und St\u00e4in\u0304en alles werfasset, unde zwischen g\u2113. | grunth obrigkeit, und Christian Hallers R\u00e4inung | gelegen, Pro und umb Ein Tau\u00dfend undsechtzig | Schockh Mey\u00df\u2113. haubt unde SamSum\u0304a(?) \/: wir wollen | solches Gueth(?) vor hero den Tobia Fidler umb 1100 \u00df | ist verkaufet word. khombt anjetzo die kauff Sum\u0304a | umb 40 \u00df geringer, ursachen weillen er Tobias Fid- | ler wie vor hero gemeldt, wider g\u2113. obrigkeit so gr\u00f6b- | lichen sich vers\u00fcndiget, unde in seiner gro\u00df vatters fur\u00df- | storsen flei\u00dfig eingetretten, wie in altern gerichtsbuch | Folio zu finden da\u00df g\u2113. obrigkeit genug samb be- | fugt were gewesten, da\u00df gantze Gueth an sich zu zieg. | Jedoch au\u00df hohen Genaden solches nit thuet, sondern de\u00df- | sen Kinder von der Ersten Ehe, und andere Erben | mehr, welcher diser Rebellion nicht vorsach seint, beden ??? | nur allerin di\u00df st\u00fcckhl felde, so g\u2113. obrigkeit felde | anstosset, nach vier strichen Au\u00dfssath an sich zieget. | bey den vorigen Kauf seiet den Tobias Fidler<\/p>\n\n\n\n [folio 168]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n verblieben und nit \u00fcbergeben worden [ \u2026 ] <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n The English translation was quite challenging as the whole first page is made by one sentence. Also some German terms were difficult to read or translate into contemporary language. Yet, generally the content of the land record is more than clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [folio 167]\u00a0<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n [On] Today\u2019s date, on the day of St. Vitus, on 15 June Anno 1680 on the gracious order of the vrchnost<\/em>, highborn lady lady Magdalena Ellisabetha Julliana D. Eckhin, born Proyin von Zeyfelsberg and Hinckelstein, Lady of Vern\u00e9\u0159ov, Louka and Bohu\u0161ovice, guardian of Scheindegr\u00e4bner\u2019s orphans constituted [by recording in] desky zemsk\u00e9<\/em>, the farm of Tobias Fiedler was sold to Georg Reschen, together with one l\u00e1n <\/em>of the fields. [This happens] for the cause that he, Tobias Fiedler, participated in the detestable Rebellion against His Imperial and Royal Majesty\u2019s enacted most gracious Patent, and gracious vrchnost<\/em>, and even not alone [he was] the first leader and rouser of the village Vern\u00e9\u0159ov, its residents and other villages of the neighbouring estates. In particular, [he] was also Solicitor [= negotiator] in Prague, [and he] also pulled out 9 out of 12 boundary stones of the gracious vrchnost <\/em>without knowledge of any person and threw them on the field of vrchnost<\/em>. For [all] that he lost not only his property and goods but also body and life. <\/p>\n\n\n\n [This purchase happened] In presence of Joseph Patzlet, rycht\u00e1\u0159 <\/em>of here [= this place], Hans Sauer, rycht\u00e1\u0159 <\/em>in Sch\u00f6nbach, Christoph Reichman, rycht\u00e1\u0159 <\/em>in Louka, Georg Khro, rycht\u00e1\u0159 <\/em>in <\/p>\n\n\n\n [folio 167pv] <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tomi\u010dany, and more other kon\u0161el\u00e9<\/em>. [The farm is sold] as Tobias Fiedler used it \/: apart from a small piece of field of [the acreage of] four strychy<\/em>, which connects to the field of the gracious vrchnost<\/em> but half [is a] road :\/ together with all belonging meadows, orchard, \u2026\u2026., and a \u2026 forrest., together with all remaining\u00a0 \u2026\u2026.. as specified by balks and [border] stones and situated between the gracious vrchnost und balks of Christian Haller. [It is sold] for one thousand and sixty Schock of Maisen [= kop m\u00ed\u0161ensk\u00fdch] as the main and total sum \/: we want this farm was sold to Tobias Fiedler for 1100 \u00df. However, the purchase price is now 40 \u00df lower, because he, Tobias Fiedler, as it was stated here,\u00a0 sinned grossly against gracious vrchnost <\/em>and he diligently stepped into wrongdoings of his grandfather\u2019s as one can find in the old judicial book fol. so that the gracious vrchnost <\/em>would have been sufficiently justified to appropriate the whole farm. However, from great mercy, it [= the vrchnost<\/em>] does not do so, but his children from the first marriage and other heirs, who did not participate in this rebellion,\u00a0 it [= the vrchnost<\/em>] is content only to attract this small piece of field of four strychy<\/em> which connects to the field of the gracious vrchnost<\/em>. […]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n I am not familiar with the rebellion on the Vern\u00e9\u0159ov Estate, however, it most probably followed the universal pattern. The group of initiators persuaded their neighbours \u2013 by eloquence, persuasion, or threats \u2013 that their situation was unbearable and unjust and that the emperor would help them and would get rid of their burdens. Tobias Fiedler was one of such initiators. In the record, we read that he was the leader and rouser in Vern\u00e9\u0159ov and other villages. He was even the Solicitator in Prag<\/em>, a deputy who was seeking a lawyer who would write down the complaints of the villagers. Tobias Fiedler even committed an act of personal rebellion, when he pulled out most of the boundary stones and threw them in the field of the vrchnost<\/em>. That was a very symbolic act. It’s seemingly a small thing, but it’s a die-hard attitude that didn’t help Tobias in the final reckoning. For his acts and deeds, he was the obvious target of the investigating commission, which found him guilty of the rebellion and betrayal of the vrchnost <\/em>and sentenced him to death. In addition to his life, Tobias Fiedler also lost his property. On the second page of the records, the vrchnost <\/em>of the Vern\u00e9\u0159ov Estate reminds us that the treason of Tobias Fiedler’s betrayal was so serious that his property could have been seized without further consideration. Nevertheless, the authorities decided to show mercy and not to punish the perpetrator\u2019s relatives, who had nothing to do with the rebellion (the children from his first marriage are specifically mentioned). Fidler\u2019s farm was confiscated and then sold to another holder. Only a part of the field adjacent to the manor yard was given to the estate. Instead, the vrchnost <\/em>settled for a fine of 40 \u00df, by which the purchase price was reduced. The rest was normally sold to Georg Resche and the heirs of Tobias Fiedler received their inheritance shares of the purchase price.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" It rarely happens that „great and small history“ intersect in the person of one man and in one land record. Yet, here is an example of such a case. At the beginning of 1680, the first rebellions of the subjects came to the Bohemian lands. One estate after another roseContinue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[24,25,9,11],"class_list":["entry","author-czechlandb","has-more-link","post-249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-transcribed-records","tag-17th-century-record","tag-rebellion","tag-record-in-german","tag-transcription"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":266,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249\/revisions\/266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.czechlandbooks.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Post-7-scaled.jpg\")
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